# T1578 - Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure

## SOC Recommendation
Investigate Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure activity in the context of Defense Impairment: confirm scope, affected host/identity, and whether it matches expected administrative behaviour before deciding this is benign.

## D3FEND Mappings
| D3FEND Technique | Relationship | Practical SOC Action |
|---|---|---|
| Endpoint Health Beacon | Detect | Monitor for Endpoint Health Beacon indicators relevant to this technique. |
| Restore Configuration | Restore | Use Restore Configuration to recover affected systems or data after containment. |
| Network Node Inventory | Model | Use Network Node Inventory to establish a baseline that makes this technique's deviations easier to spot. |

## Investigation Steps
1. Review Defender for Endpoint / Defender XDR alerts and timeline for the affected host or identity.
2. Check Sentinel analytics rules and incidents correlated with this technique.
3. Review Entra ID sign-in and audit logs if the technique involves an identity or cloud resource.

## Evidence to Collect
- Host or resource affected
- Account or identity involved
- Timestamp of the activity
- Related process, file, or network artifact
- Any preceding or follow-on alerts

## Response Actions
| Action | Risk | Automation Safe | Approval Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contain the affected host or account | Medium | No | Yes |
| Collect and preserve evidence | Low | Yes | No |

## KQL
```kql
let lookback = 14d;
let timewindow = 7d;
ADOAuditLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(lookback)
| where OperationName =~ "Library.AgentPoolCreated"
| extend AgentCloudId = tostring(Data.AgentCloudId)
| extend PoolType = iif(isnotempty(AgentCloudId), "Azure VMs", "Self Hosted")
// Comment this line out to include cloud pools as well
| where PoolType == "Self Hosted"
| extend AgentPoolName = tostring(Data.AgentPoolName)
| extend AgentPoolId = tostring(Data.AgentPoolId)
| extend IsHosted = tostring(Data.IsHosted)
| extend IsLegacy = tostring(Data.IsLegacy)
| extend timekey = bin(TimeGenerated, timewindow)
// Join only with pools deleted in the same window
| join (ADOAuditLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(lookback)
| where OperationName =~ "Library.AgentPoolDeleted"
| extend AgentPoolName = tostring(Data.AgentPoolName)
| extend AgentPoolId = tostring(Data.AgentPoolId)
| extend timekey = bin(TimeGenerated, timewindow)) on AgentPoolId, timekey
| project-reorder TimeGenerated, ActorUPN, UserAgent, IpAddress, AuthenticationMechanism, OperationName, AgentPoolName, IsHosted, IsLegacy, Data
| extend timestamp = TimeGenerated
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[1])
```
```kql
AzureActivity
| where CategoryValue =~ 'Administrative'
| where ResourceProviderValue =~ 'Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService'
| where _ResourceId has 'AdFederationService'
| where OperationNameValue =~ 'Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService/services/servicemembers/action'
| extend claimsJson = parse_json(Claims)
| extend AppId = tostring(claimsJson.appid), AccountName = tostring(claimsJson.name), Name = tostring(split(Caller,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(Caller,'@',1)[0])
| project-away claimsJson
```
```kql
AzureActivity
| where CategoryValue =~ 'Administrative'
| where ResourceProviderValue =~ 'Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService'
| where _ResourceId has 'AdFederationService'
| where OperationNameValue =~ 'Microsoft.ADHybridHealthService/services/delete'
| extend claimsJson = parse_json(Claims)
| extend AppId = tostring(claimsJson.appid), AccountName = tostring(claimsJson.name), Name = tostring(split(Caller,'@',0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(Caller,'@',1)[0])
| project-away claimsJson
```

## Escalation Criteria
- Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure activity observed on a privileged account or critical system.
- Activity follows or precedes other suspicious behaviour in the same investigation.
- Automated triage cannot confidently rule out malicious intent.

## False Positive Considerations
- Legitimate administrative or maintenance activity matching this pattern.
- Approved security testing or red team exercise.
- Known benign software producing similar telemetry.

Generated by SOC Response Atlas by Basyrix.